With the increasing use of technology and internet communication, it has become most important to address cyberstalking, which is increasingly prevalent in recent times.  Cyberstalking can be defined as using the internet, social networking sites, email, or any other online tool to harass or intimidate an individual. Unlike traditional stalking, cyberstalking can be more pervasive as the internet allows perpetrators to maintain anonymity, extend their reach, and constantly monitor their target. This blog will delve into what cyberstalking is, its consequences, how to identify it and most importantly, how to protect yourself and stop it.

Cyberstalking involves repeatedly using electronic communications to harass, threaten, or intimidate someone. Unlike general harassment, which may occur sporadically, cyberstalking is characterized by persistent behaviour and the intention to cause harm, fear, or distress.

Cyberstalkers may use various online platforms, including social media, forums, messaging apps, and emails, to harass their targets. The methods can include sending threatening messages, spreading rumours, impersonating the victims, or tracking their online activities.

Yes, cyberstalking is considered a criminal offence in many countries. It is often classified as a form of harassment, and laws protecting individuals from stalking usually cover both physical and online stalking. In the United States, for example, regulations such as the Federal Interstate Stalking Act make cyberstalking a federal crime. Similar laws exist in the UK, Australia, Canada, and India.

Although laws exist to combat cyberstalking, many cases go unreported due to fear, lack of awareness, or the victim’s uncertainty about whether the behaviour qualifies as cyberstalking. Therefore, it’s crucial to understand the signs of cyberstalking and know how to respond effectively.

Cyberstalking can take various forms, including:

1. Persistent unwanted communication

This involves sending repetitive and unwelcome messages, emails, or texts. Even if the target has blocked or ignored them, the stalker might use different accounts to continue harassing the victim.

2. Impersonation and identity theft

Cyberstalkers might create fake social media accounts, impersonating their victims to spread false information or post inappropriate content. This tactic is intended to tarnish the victim’s reputation or manipulate others into thinking negatively about them.

3. Tracking and surveillance

Cyberstalkers can monitor their target’s movements and online activities using GPS tracking, hacking into accounts, or spyware. They may attempt to gather personal information to use as leverage or increase their intimidation tactics.

4. Threatening behaviour

Cyberstalkers may issue threats of violence, harm, or public humiliation through direct messages, emails, or online posts. These threats can cause severe emotional distress and fear for personal safety.

5. Doxxing

This involves releasing private and sensitive information about the victim, such as home addresses, phone numbers, or workplace details, in an attempt to encourage others to harass or threaten them.

India has the following laws in place to address cyberstalking:

• Section 67 of the Information Technology Act of 2000: Stalkers face up to three years in prison and a fine if they send, cause to be sent, or publish offensive posts or content on electronic media.
• Section 67A of the Information Technology Act of 2000: Penalizes anybody who sends, orders, or permits the publication of any content featuring sexually explicit acts or behaviour in electronic media. Penalties include up to five years in prison and a fine of up to five lakh rupees.
• Section 354D of the Indian Penal Code, 1860: A person may be fined up to three years in prison if they monitor a woman’s use of the internet, email, or any other electronic communication tool. First-time offenders are subject to bail; repeat offenders are not.

• Strengthen your online privacy: Adjust privacy settings on social media accounts to limit who can view your personal information. Avoid sharing sensitive details such as your home address, phone number, or daily routine online.
• Be cautious about friend requests: Avoid accepting friend requests or connections from people you don’t know personally. Stalkers often create fake profiles to connect with victims and gather personal information.
• Use strong passwords and Two-Factor Authentication (2FA): Protect your accounts with strong, unique passwords. Implement two-factor authentication (2FA) on all your accounts to add an extra layer of security against unauthorized access.
• Monitor digital footprints: Regularly search for your name online to see what information is publicly accessible. You can also set up Google Alerts for your name, so you’re notified if new information about you appears online.
• Install security software: Install antivirus and anti-spyware software on your devices to prevent malicious tracking or unauthorized access to your information.
• Keep your devices secure: Ensure your devices are locked with PINs, passwords, or biometric locks, and avoid using public Wi-Fi to access sensitive information.

Cyberstalking is a serious crime that can have lasting emotional and psychological effects on victims. As our lives become increasingly intertwined with digital spaces, it is essential to be vigilant about the dangers of cyberstalking. By recognizing the signs, strengthening online privacy, and knowing how to take action, individuals can protect themselves and stop cyberstalkers in their tracks. If you or someone you know is being cyberstalked, do not hesitate to seek help from authorities or professional support services. Protecting yourself online is crucial to maintaining safety and peace of mind in the digital world.